Fig. 12From: PCB-based digital microfluidic platform for droplet mixing on an open surfaceFlow visualization with acoustic excitation at 3.529 kHz and 30 Vpp by piezoactuator: a The chip A cannot create the flow inside the droplet; b The chip B generates a microstreaming with an acoustically excited bubble (0.4 mm in diameter and 1 mm in length) in a through-hole of the PCB substrateBack to article page