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Micro and Nano Systems Letters
Fig. 3 | Micro and Nano Systems Letters

Fig. 3

From: Methods to analyze extracellular vesicles at single particle level

Fig. 3

Principle of optical microscopy techniques. a Single EV analysis types by total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy: intracellular EV pathway tracking, immobilized EV phenotype analysis. b Two types of TIRF microscopy (left: prism-type TIRF, right: objective-type TIRF). c Principle of detecting scattered ray of particles in a dark-field (DF) microscopy: the signal scattered by the particle is displayed brightly, while the transmitted signal is not detected, resulting in a dark background

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