Fig. 2

Digital image of a1 crawling of inchworm designed an arch-shaped soft robot that can crawl and jump, powered by light. a2 jumping of the fruitfly, like a soft robot with two magnets attached to the ends (gray area) can also jump by forming a closed loop through magnetic force, storing elastic energy under light irradiation. a3 crawling in the forward direction, jumping over a wall showing the deformation significantly, second time jumping of the soft robot, Reprinted from (27), John Wiley and Sons (2019), b1 Representative photographs showing the structure of Geca-Robot inspired by gecko and caterpillar. b2 The muscle comprised cuboids of PDMS and graphene/PDMS (GP). b3 The gait of the Geca-Robot indicates the states of the front feet (left column) and rear feet (right column) during stand-by, light-on, and light-off periods (middle column). b4 the regulation of Geca-Robot movement by UV irradiation, a typical infrared image of Geca-Robot under UV irradiation at a different time during one pulse period, the white line showing the temperature profile across the entire Geca-Robot muscle along the direction of movement, Reprinted from (31), Copyright