3D printing fabrication process for fine control of microneedle shape

Micro and Nano Systems Letters

Table 1 Fabrication of microneedle

Method	Materials	Advantages	Limits	Refs.
Etching	Silicon, Polymer	High aspect ratio, Suitable for mass production	Expensive, Complex fabrication process, Low durability	[1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
Photolithography	Polymer	High aspect ratio, Suitable for mass production	Expensive, Complex fabrication process, Low durability	[7, 8]
Molding	Metal, Polymer	Suitable for mass production, High reproducibility, Various microneedle forms can be implemented	Complex fabrication process, Low durability	[9,10,11,12,13]
Magnetorheological drawing lithography	Polymer	High aspect ratio, Simple fabrication process, Suitable for mass production	Rough surface, Low durability	[14, 15]
Thermal drawing	Polymer	High aspect ratio, Simple fabrication process, Suitable for mass production	Low reproducibility, Low durability	[16]
Laser machining	Metal	Simple fabrication process	Blunt microneedle tip, Rough surface, Low biocompatibility	[17,18,19,20,21,22]
Electrical discharge machining	Metal	High aspect ratio, High reproducibility	Expensive, Complex fabrication process	[23, 24]
3D print double molding	Polymer	Suitable for mass production, High reproducibility, Various microneedle forms can be implemented, Bevel angle control, Simple fabrication process	Resolution limit, Low durability, Rough surface	This paper