Fig. 5

The electrochemical characterizations of the surface-modified SSM samples; a cyclic voltammograms of the SMSSM substrate at different etching concentrations, b the graph of areal capacitance as a function of etching concentration. Electrochemical impedance results in the 0.1 Hz to 100 KHz frequency range; c Nyquist plot for all prepared samples. Inset shows the enlarged view of the Nyquist plot and d Bode phase angle plots for etched SMSSM substrates. e Cyclic voltammogram at a scan rate of 20 mV/s scan rate for the VS₂ nanomaterial deposited on etched SMSSM and corresponding calculated areal capacitances as seen in f. Inset shows the photographs of etched substrates (0, 0.5, 1 and 1.5% samples); (i) without (ii) with VS₂ deposition