From: RF power harvesting: a review on designing methodologies and applications
Source | Power density | Harvesting tech. | Advantages | Disadvantages |
---|---|---|---|---|
Solar | Indoor: 10 µW/cm2 Outdoor: 10 mW/cm2 | Photovoltaic | High power density Mature | Not always available Required exposure to light (not implantable) Expensive |
Vibration | Human: 4 µW/cm2 Industrial: 100 µW/cm2 | Piezoelectric Electrostatic Electromagnetic | Implantable High efficiency | Not always available Material physical limitation |
Thermal | Human: 30 µW/cm2 Industrial: 1–10 mW/cm2 | Thermoelectric Pyroelectric | High power density Implantable | Not always available Excess heat |
RF | GSM: 0.1 µW/cm2 WI-FI: 1 mW/cm2 | Antenna | Always available Implantable | Low density Efficiency inversely proportional to distance |